**静态路由#学习目标:
了解静态路由的原理和弊端
掌握构成静态路由的命令
静态路由设置成功
用于调试静态路由的命令
学习内容:静态路由
1、拓扑图规划
2、使用华为ensp模拟器配置静态路由
3、掌握静态路由配置命令
4、放错命令
学习时间:提示: 2021/12/2
学习内容:
静态路由:用户或网络管理员手动设置的路由信息。 如果网络拓扑或链路状态发生变化,网络管理员必须手动配置静态路由信息。
静态路由的弊端:与动态路由协议相比,静态路由不适合大型网络。 因为在大型网络中,发生更改时管理员需要花费大量时间进行配置,而配置错误会带来长期的痛苦
静态路由何时适合稳定的小型局域网
基于华为ensp模拟器的静态路由命令详细信息:
静态路由拓扑图(两台主机分别为10和20个网段,需要经过三个路由器) ) )。
进入R1 sys #系统视图
[ Huawei ]将sysname R1 #路由器重命名为R1
[ R1 ]选择int g #接口,首先配置g0/0/1端口
[ R1 ] int千兆以太网0/0/1
[ R1 -千兆以太网0/0/1 ]分配IP地址192.168.10.25424 # IP地址
dec 2202118336056336028-08:00 R1 %; ifnet/4/link _ state (l (065: thelineprotocolip
ontheinterfacegigabitethernet0/0/1hasenteredtheupstate。
[ R1 -千兆以太网0/0/1 ] q #将退出此接口
[R1]int g
[ R1 ]千兆以太网g0/0/0进入g0/0/0端口配置
[ R1 -千兆以太网0/0/0 ]分配ipadd 10.0.12.124 # IP地址
dec 2202118336056336054-08:00 R1 %; ifnet/4/link _ state (L165: thelineprotocolipontheinterfacegigabitethernet0/0/0)
[ R1 -千兆以太网0/0/0 ] q
[ R1 ]在IP route-static 192.168.20.02410.0.12.2 #系统模式下配置静态路由。 在本实验中,如果需要pc1和pc2相互通信,则目标主机是IP段192.168.20.0/24的主机
R2 sys
Enter system view,return user view with Ctrl Z。
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[ R2 -千兆以太网0/0/0 ] ipadd 10.0.12.224
dec 2202118336057336033-08:00 R2 %; ifnet/4/link _ state (l (065: thelineprotocolipontheinterfacegigabitethernet0/0/
[ R2 -千兆以太网0/0/0 ] q
[R2]int g0/0/1
[ R2 -千兆以太网0/0/1 ] IP address 10.0.23.224
dec 2202118336057336056-08:00 R2 %; ifnet/4/link _ state (l (165: thelineprotocolip
ontheinterfacegigabitethernet0/0/1hasenteredtheupstate。
[ R2 -千兆以太网0/0/1 ] q
[ R2 ] IP route-static 192.168.10.02410.0.12.1
[ R2 ] IP route-static 192.168.20.02410.0.23.3
#静态路由通信是双向的(request和reply ),因此在部署时也必须同时部署这两个通信。 pc1通信朝向pc2方向时,192.168.20.0/24 R2需要通过的路径只剩下R3的g0/0/1端口地址10.0.23.3
#pc2响应pc1的目标是192.168.10.0/24路径中有R1的g/0/0/0端口10.0.12.1
R3 system-view
Enter system view,return user view with Ctrl Z。
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]int g0/0/1
[ R3 -千兆以太网0/0/1 ] IP add
10.0.23.3 24Dec 2 2021 18:58:34-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.20.254 24
Dec 2 2021 18:58:53-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 10.0.23.2
#PC2和PC1通信目标主机时192.168.10.0网段的主机,而R3需要靠路由器R2的g0/0/1口找到目标主机 到此静态路由配置完毕,主机之间互ping便可知道配置是否成功了 实验2 实验目标 使pc1和pc2、pc3之间互相通信(配置静态路由的方式) 实验过程 1.划分IP地址 2.配置IP 3.命令配置静态路由 PC1配置IP网关 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/48ff26bfff67490cb9dc4a1b62b95501.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAamlheW91d2FfamlheW91,size_18,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16) PC2配置IP网关 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/6b76eba39b0d4cfe8173b35ed0bf9a79.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAamlheW91d2FfamlheW91,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16) PC3配置IP网关 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/bd91a00bbf104d9d995cc0b772c89a29.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBAamlheW91d2FfamlheW91,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16) R1配置命令
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.1.254 24
Dec 2 2021 20:10:32-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.123.1 24
Dec 2 2021 20:10:54-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R1]ip route-static 10.3.3.0 24 10.1.123.3
[R1]ip route-static 10.2.2.0 24 10.1.123.2
#需要和pc2、pc3通信分清目标主机IP地址段和需要经过的路段是多少
system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.1.123.2 24
Dec 2 2021 20:11:54-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R2]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.2.2.254 24
Dec 2 2021 20:12:13-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R2]ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 10.1.123.1
#pc2进行reply的目标主机段和需要经过的路段
system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]int g
[R3]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.3.3.254 24
Dec 2 2021 20:12:50-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.123.3 24
Dec 2 2021 20:13:14-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R3]ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 10.1.123.1
#pc3reply的目标主机段和需要经过的地址段