traceroute我们可以知道信息从你的计算机到互联网另一端的主机是走的什么路径。当然每次数据包由某一同样的出发点（source）到达某一同样的目的地(destination)走的路径可能会不一样，但基本上来说大部分时候所走的路由是相同的。
Options: -4 Use IPv4 -6 Use IPv6 -d --debug Enable socket level debugging -F --dont-fragment Do not fragment packets -f first_ttl --first=first_ttl Start from the first_ttl hop (instead from 1) -g gate,... --gateway=gate,... Route packets through the specified gateway (maximum 8 for IPv4 and 127 for IPv6) -I --icmp Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting -T --tcp Use TCP SYN for tracerouting -i device --interface=device Specify a network interface to operate with -m max_ttl --max-hops=max_ttl Set the max number of hops (max TTL to be reached). Default is 30 -N squeries --sim-queries=squeries Set the number of probes to be tried simultaneously (default is 16) -n Do not resolve IP addresses to their domain names -p port --port=port Set the destination port to use. It is either initial udp port value for "default" method (incremented by each probe, default is 33434), or initial seq for "icmp" (incremented as well, default from 1), or some constant destination port for other methods (with default of 80 for "tcp", 53 for "udp", etc.) -t tos --tos=tos Set the TOS (IPv4 type of service) or TC (IPv6 traffic class) value for outgoing packets -l flow_label --flowlabel=flow_label Use specified flow_label for IPv6 packets -w waittime --wait=waittime Set the number of seconds to wait for response to a probe (default is 5.0). Non-integer (float point) values allowed too -q nqueries --queries=nqueries Set the number of probes per each hop. Default is 3 -r Bypass the normal routing and send directly to a host on an attached network -s src_addr --source=src_addr Use source src_addr for outgoing packets -z sendwait --sendwait=sendwait Minimal time interval between probes (default 0). If the value is more than 10, then it specifies a number in milliseconds, else it is a number of seconds (float point values allowed too) -e --extensions Show ICMP extensions (if present), including MPLS -A --as-path-lookups Perform AS path lookups in routing registries and print results directly after the corresponding addresses -M name --module=name Use specified module (either builtin or external) for traceroute operations. Most methods have their shortcuts (`-I' means `-M icmp' etc.) -O OPTS,... --options=OPTS,... Use module-specific option OPTS for the traceroute module. Several OPTS allowed, separated by comma. If OPTS is "help", print info about available options --sport=num Use source port num for outgoing packets. Implies `-N 1' -U --udp Use UDP to particular port for tracerouting (instead of increasing the port per each probe), default port is 53 -UL Use UDPLITE for tracerouting (default dest port is 53) -P prot --protocol=prot Use raw packet of protocol prot for tracerouting --mtu Discover MTU along the path being traced. Implies `-F -N 1' --back Guess the number of hops in the backward path and print if it differs -V --version Print version info and exit --help Read this help and exit多命令使用
traceroute -n -m 5 -q 4 -w 3 www.baidu.com说明： -n 显示IP地址，不查主机名， -m 设置跳数
-q 4每个网关发送4个数据包 -w 把对外发探测包的等待响应时间设置为3秒
探测包使用的基本UDP端口设置6888
traceroute -p 6888 www.baidu.com绕过正常的路由表，直接发送到网络相连的主机
traceroute -r www.baidu.com