简介：
用单片机控制步进电机正转 反转 加速 减速；
由LCD1602实时显示步进电机的状态；F-正转 B-反转；数字越大，转速越大；
仿真原理图如下：
MCU和LCD1602显示模块：
ULN2803驱动和步进电机模块：
C语言代码如下：
/*-----------------------------FileName: StepperMotor.hFunction: 函数头文件Author: Zhang KaizhouDate: 2019-6-6 17:59:39------------------------------*/#include <reg52.h>#include <string.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned int#define Factor 5 // 转速控制常数/*LCD1602端口设置*/sbit lcdrs = P1^0;sbit lcdrw = P1^1;sbit lcden = P1^2;/*步进电机驱动器端口设置*/sbit direcChange = P1^3; // 方向翻转sbit speedUp = P1^4; // 加速sbit slowDown = P1^5; // 减速/*主函数声明*/void keyScan();void execute();/*LCD1602显示相关函数声明*/void LCDInit();void displayInit();void display(uchar oper, uchar dat);void writeCommand(uchar command);void writeData(uchar dat);void delay(uchar xms); /*-------------------------------------------FileName:main.cFunction: MCU控制步进电机Description:控制步进电机正转 反转 加速 减速；由LCD1602实时显示步进电机的状态；F-正转 B-反转；数字越大，转速越大；---------------------------------------------Author: Zhang KaizhouDate: 2019-6-6 17:56:41-------------------------------------------*/#include "StepperMotor.h"uchar code pulseTable0[] = {0x08, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08}; // 一相励磁(同一时刻只有一个线圈通电，旋转角1.8度)uchar code pulseTable1[] = {0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x09, 0x09, 0x03, 0x06, 0x0c}; // 二相励磁(同一时刻有两个线圈通电，旋转角1.8度)uchar code pulseTable2[] = {0x08, 0x0c, 0x04, 0x06, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x09, 0x09, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x06, 0x04, 0x0c, 0x08}; // 一-二相励磁场(一二相交替励磁，旋转角0.9度)uchar speed = 0, startPos = 0; // 默认正转bit oper = 0/*操作数*/, direcFlag = 0; // 初始状态为正向void main(){LCDInit(); // LCD1602显示初始化displayInit();while(1){keyScan(); // 按键扫描display(0, direcFlag);display(1, speed);execute();}}/*按键扫描*/void keyScan(){if(!speedUp){ // 加速delay(5);if(!speedUp){if(speed < 4){while(!speedUp);speed++;}else{while(!speedUp);speed = 3;}}}if(!slowDown){ // 减速delay(5);if(!slowDown){if(speed != 0){speed--;}else{while(!slowDown);speed = 0;}}}if(!direcChange){ // 方向翻转delay(5);if(!direcChange){while(!direcChange);direcFlag = ~direcFlag;}}}/*步进电机控制执行函数*/void execute(){uchar i, j;startPos = (direcFlag == 0) ? 0 : 4; // 方向控制for(i = startPos; i <= (startPos + 4); i++){P2 = pulseTable0[i];for(j = 0; j < (speed + 1) * Factor; j++){ // 用延时来控制脉冲输出的频率，从而控制步进电机转速delay(10);} }} /*-----------------------------FileName:display.cFunction: LCD1602显示函数Author: Zhang KaizhouDate: 2019-6-6 17:58:42------------------------------*/#include "StepperMotor.h"uchar code table0[] = {"Direction:"}; // 每行的字符数据uchar code table1[] = {"Speed:"};uchar code table2[] = {"1234"};uchar code table3[] = {"FB"}; // F-正向 B-反向/*初始化LCD1602的设置*/void LCDInit(){lcden = 0; // 拉低使能端，准备产生使能高脉冲信号writeCommand(0x38); // 显示模式设置(16x2， 5x7点阵，8位数据接口)writeCommand(0x0c); // 开显示，不显示光标writeCommand(0x06); // 写一个字符后地址指针自动加1writeCommand(0x01); // 显示清零，数据指针清零}/*LCD上电界面*/void displayInit(){uchar i;writeCommand(0x80); // 将数据指针定位到第一行首for(i = 0; i < strlen(table0); i++){writeData(table0[i]);delay(5);}writeCommand(0x80 + 0x40); // 将数据指针定位到第二行首for(i = 0; i < strlen(table1); i++){writeData(table1[i]);delay(5);}}/*LCD显示函数*/void display(uchar oper, uchar dat){if(oper == 0){ // 方向显示if(dat == 0){ // 正向writeCommand(0x80 + strlen(table0)); // 数据指针定位到第一行空闲处writeData(table3[0]);}else if(dat == 1){ // 反向writeCommand(0x80 + strlen(table0)); // 数据指针定位到第一行空闲处writeData(table3[1]);}}if(oper == 1){ // 速度显示writeCommand(0x80 + 0x40 + strlen(table1)); // 数据指针定位到第二行空闲处writeData(table2[dat]);}}/*写指令函数*/void writeCommand(uchar command){lcdrs = 0; // 命令选择lcdrw = 0;P0 = command;delay(5);lcden = 1; // 产生一个正脉冲使能信号delay(5);lcden = 0;}/*写数据函数*/void writeData(uchar dat){lcdrs = 1; // 数据选择lcdrw = 0;P0 = dat;delay(5);lcden = 1;delay(5);lcden = 0;}/*延时函数*/void delay(uchar xms){uint i, j;for(i = xms; i > 0; i--)for(j = 110; j > 0; j--);}