如果我们已经安装了一个python3的环境，如果另一台机器也需要安装同样的环境又要敲一遍，很麻烦，这里可以配置Dockerfile文件，让其自动安装，类似shell脚本
Dockerfile编写在当前目录新建一个文件夹docker-run， cd进入到文件夹，touch新建一个Dockerfile，然后vi打开文件，开始编辑
[root@jkc ~]# mkdir docker-run[root@jkc ~]# cd docker-run/[root@jkc docker-run]# touch Dockerfile[root@jkc docker-run]# vi Dockerfile编辑内容如下：
# 1.基于python3.6.8镜像FROM python:3.6.8# 2.镜像维护者的姓名和邮箱地址MAINTAINER jkc <1044500650@qq.com># 3.更新pipRUN pip install --upgrade pip --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple # 4.指定当前工作目i录WORKDIR /code# 5.将当年目录文件夹下的所有文件拷贝到code目录COPY . .# 6.安装第三方包RUN pip install -r requirements.txt --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple# 7.传递参数ENTRYPOINT ["pytest"]# 8.默认显示帮助信息CMD ["--help"] Dockerfile配置详细解释 FROM：先拉取python3.6.8作为基础镜像，然后在上面修改MAINTAINER：填写镜像维护者的姓名和邮箱地址RUN：更新pip到最新版本WORKDIR：用来指定当前工作目录(或者称为当前目录)，容器启动时执行的命令会在该目录下执行，比如接下来要执行pytest test_1.py就会在指定的目录下执行COPY：COPY ，拷贝文件到目标路径，上述是拷贝上下文目录中的文件到当前目录(就是指WORKDIR指定的目录) RUN：安装requirements.txt文件ENTRYPOINT：默认命令行参数pytestCMD：与ENTRYPOINT连用，作为ENTRYPOINT的参数，这里默认命令就是pytest --help，如果你想默认执行命令是pytest -s，那么就把CMD改成CMD["-s"]就可以了此时我们当前目录下还没有requirements.txt文件，接下来创建文件，并写入需要安装的第三方包 [root@jkc docker-run]# lsDockerfile requirements.txt [root@jkc docker-run]# cat requirements.txt pytest==3.6.3requests==2.20.1 build构建镜像文件
docker build 命令用于使用 Dockerfile 创建镜像。OPTIONS说明：
-f :指定要使用的Dockerfile路径；
--pull :尝试去更新镜像的新版本；
--quiet, -q :安静模式，成功后只输出镜像 ID；
--tag, -t: 镜像的名字及标签，通常 name:tag 或者 name 格式；可以在一次构建中为一个镜像设置多个标签。
-t参数设置镜像名称jkc_pytest和tag标签名称v1，注意最后面有个点. 这个点代表上下文目录的路径，就是当前路径，我这里是/root/docker_run
docker build -t jkc_pytest:v1 . [root@jkc docker-run]# docker build -t jkc_pytest:v1 .Sending build context to Docker daemon 7.168kBStep 1/8 : FROM python:3.6.8 ---> 48c06762acf0Step 2/8 : MAINTAINER jkc <1044500650@qq.com> ---> Running in 986c40cdf6d9Removing intermediate container 986c40cdf6d9 ---> 157699a7ac69Step 3/8 : RUN pip install --upgrade pip --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple ---> Running in 1420e29b1810Looking in indexes: https://pypi.douban.com/simpleCollecting pip Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/de/47/58b9f3e6f611dfd17fb8bd9ed3e6f93b7ee662fb85bdfee3565e8979ddf7/pip-21.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)Installing collected packages: pip Found existing installation: pip 19.1.1 Uninstalling pip-19.1.1: Successfully uninstalled pip-19.1.1Successfully installed pip-21.0Removing intermediate container 1420e29b1810 ---> f77fce861c3dStep 4/8 : WORKDIR /code ---> Running in 0a1229af5f02Removing intermediate container 0a1229af5f02 ---> 2201ff40156bStep 5/8 : COPY . . ---> 89fd63a6e517Step 6/8 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple ---> Running in 778b4c1a69e9Looking in indexes: https://pypi.douban.com/simpleCollecting pytest==3.6.3 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/77/64/3a76f6fbb0f392d60c5960f2b2fbad8c2b802dada87ca6d1b99c0083a929/pytest-3.6.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (195 kB)Collecting requests==2.20.1 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/ff/17/5cbb026005115301a8fb2f9b0e3e8d32313142fe8b617070e7baad20554f/requests-2.20.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (57 kB)Collecting atomicwrites>=1.0 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/2c/a0/da5f49008ec6e9a658dbf5d7310a4debd397bce0b4db03cf8a410066bb87/atomicwrites-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.8 kB)Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pytest==3.6.3->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) (41.0.1)Collecting pluggy<0.7,>=0.5 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/ba/65/ded3bc40bbf8d887f262f150fbe1ae6637765b5c9534bd55690ed2c0b0f7/pluggy-0.6.0-py3-none-any.whl (13 kB)Collecting six>=1.10.0 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/ee/ff/48bde5c0f013094d729fe4b0316ba2a24774b3ff1c52d924a8a4cb04078a/six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)Collecting attrs>=17.4.0 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/c3/aa/cb45262569fcc047bf070b5de61813724d6726db83259222cd7b4c79821a/attrs-20.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (49 kB)Collecting py>=1.5.0 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/67/32/6fe01cfc3d1a27c92fdbcdfc3f67856da8cbadf0dd9f2e18055202b2dc62/py-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)Collecting more-itertools>=4.0.0 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/66/58/63146600d8c35188f2c4de3f1e2fe77a54e9c9ac99ac3b652f09e042f637/more_itertools-8.6.0-py3-none-any.whl (45 kB)Collecting idna<2.8,>=2.5 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/4b/2a/0276479a4b3caeb8a8c1af2f8e4355746a97fab05a372e4a2c6a6b876165/idna-2.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/5e/a0/5f06e1e1d463903cf0c0eebeb751791119ed7a4b3737fdc9a77f1cdfb51f/certifi-2020.12.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kB)Collecting chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/bc/a9/01ffebfb562e4274b6487b4bb1ddec7ca55ec7510b22e4c51f14098443b8/chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133 kB)Collecting urllib3<1.25,>=1.21.1 Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/01/11/525b02e4acc0c747de8b6ccdab376331597c569c42ea66ab0a1dbd36eca2/urllib3-1.24.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (118 kB)Installing collected packages: urllib3, six, py, pluggy, more-itertools, idna, chardet, certifi, attrs, atomicwrites, requests, pytestSuccessfully installed atomicwrites-1.4.0 attrs-20.3.0 certifi-2020.12.5 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.7 more-itertools-8.6.0 pluggy-0.6.0 py-1.10.0 pytest-3.6.3 requests-2.20.1 six-1.15.0 urllib3-1.24.3Removing intermediate container 778b4c1a69e9 ---> 8dbb604ee32bStep 7/8 : ENTRYPOINT ["pytest"] ---> Running in 9f8af21deb12Removing intermediate container 9f8af21deb12 ---> bc1569590d44Step 8/8 : CMD ["--help"] ---> Running in f4a600409184Removing intermediate container f4a600409184 ---> f7033ca36724Successfully built f7033ca36724Successfully tagged jkc_pytest:v1[root@jkc docker-run]#运行过程中可以看到按步骤运行，如：Step 1/8
运行完成后，可以通过docker images查看生成的镜像
在当前目录新建一个test_1.py文件，写入pytest测试脚本
import pytestdef test_one(): print("正在执行----test_one") x = "this" assert 'h' in xdef test_two(): print("正在执行----test_two") x = "hello" assert xdef test_three(): print("正在执行----test_three") a = "hello" b = "hello world" assert a in bif __name__ == "__main__": pytest.main(["-s", "test_h.py"])使用docker run运行容器
-it -t让docker分配一个伪终端并绑定到容器的标准输入上, -i则让容器的标准输入保持打开.--rm 容器退出时，自动清除容器。 --rm选项不能与-d同时使用-v 将容器的工作目录/code挂载到宿主机的$PWD，也就是当前目录jkc_pytest:v1 容器名称和tag名称test_1.py 后面跟着需要执行的脚本名称 [root@jkc docker-run]# docker run -it --rm -v "$PWD":/code jkc_pytest:v1 test_1.py -s====================================================== test session starts ======================================================platform linux -- Python 3.6.8, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.6.0rootdir: /code, inifile:collected 3 items test_1.py 正在执行----test_one.正在执行----test_two.正在执行----test_three.=================================================== 3 passed in 0.04 seconds ====================================================[root@jkc docker-run]#