不显示右侧和顶端的坐标轴是通过spines实现的，具体操作如下：
# 隐藏右侧和顶端的坐标轴ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
可以参照matplotlib官方文档之Ticks and spines下边的例子进行操作，其中Spines这个例子最基础，可以从这个例子看起。
为了方便阅读，把Spines这个例子搬运到这里：
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltx = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)y = 2 * np.sin(x)# Constrained layout makes sure the labels don't overlap the axes.fig, (ax0, ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(nrows=3, constrained_layout=True)ax0.plot(x, y)ax0.set_title('normal spines')ax1.plot(x, y)ax1.set_title('bottom-left spines')# Hide the right and top spinesax1.spines['right'].set_visible(False)ax1.spines['top'].set_visible(False)# Only show ticks on the left and bottom spinesax1.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')ax1.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')ax2.plot(x, y)# Only draw spine between the y-ticksax2.spines['left'].set_bounds(-1, 1)# Hide the right and top spinesax2.spines['right'].set_visible(False)ax2.spines['top'].set_visible(False)# Only show ticks on the left and bottom spinesax2.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')ax2.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')plt.show()