前言
本文用于记录笔者在将R语言中的for语句并行化处理中的一些问题。
实验
这里使用foreach和doParallel包提供的函数实现for语句的并行处理。
for语句脚本
func
return(x^y/z)
}
# >>> main <<<
x
y
z
start
a
for (i_z in z) {
a
}
end
print(paste('Result = ', round(a, 2), ', time = ', (end-start), 's', sep=''))
输出：
[1] "Result = 96.72, time = 0.177s"
并行化版本
library(foreach)
library(doParallel)
func
return(x^y/z)
}
# >>> main <<<
x
y
z
start
cl
registerDoParallel(cl)
a
a
stopCluster(cl)
end
print(paste('Result = ', round(a, 2), ', time = ', (end-start), 's', sep=''))
输出：
[1] "Result = 96.72, time = 37.988s"
总结
1、这里发现并行化所用时间大于非并行化所用过的时间，是因为需要执行的操作(func函数)过于简单，而foreach处理时会有额外的资源消耗。此时foreach额外消耗的资源远大于需要执行的操作所需的资源，因此会导致并行化后反而使用的时间增加了。所以对于一些复杂的操作比较适合使用并行化的策略。
2、foreach函数的.packages参数可以为并行化函数传递额外需要的包。
3、foreach中的参数为需要在func中循环的变量，其他固定的变量则在func中传入。参数可以是data.frame类型。
补充：R语言--for循环语句的使用
R语言for循坏语句的使用(多个for)
对于多个for循还语句，R语言的执行顺序(以3个for为例)：从外向内单个执行，里边循还完整，再往外一层，直到全部完成。话不多说，上例子：
代码：
library(data.table)
mm
m
n
o
for (i1 in m){
for ( i2 in n){
for (i3 in o){
print(c(i1,i2,i3))
aa
bb
}
}
}
执行结果：
[1] "1" "a" "6"
[1] "1" "a" "7"
[1] "1" "a" "8"
[1] "1" "a" "9"
[1] "1" "a" "10"
[1] "1" "b" "6"
[1] "1" "b" "7"
[1] "1" "b" "8"
[1] "1" "b" "9"
[1] "1" "b" "10"
[1] "1" "c" "6"
[1] "1" "c" "7"
[1] "1" "c" "8"
[1] "1" "c" "9"
[1] "1" "c" "10"
[1] "1" "d" "6"
[1] "1" "d" "7"
[1] "1" "d" "8"
[1] "1" "d" "9"
[1] "1" "d" "10"
[1] "1" "e" "6"
[1] "1" "e" "7"
[1] "1" "e" "8"
[1] "1" "e" "9"
[1] "1" "e" "10"
[1] "2" "a" "6"
[1] "2" "a" "7"
[1] "2" "a" "8"
[1] "2" "a" "9"
[1] "2" "a" "10"
[1] "2" "b" "6"
[1] "2" "b" "7"
[1] "2" "b" "8"
[1] "2" "b" "9"
[1] "2" "b" "10"
[1] "2" "c" "6"
[1] "2" "c" "7"
[1] "2" "c" "8"
[1] "2" "c" "9"
[1] "2" "c" "10"
[1] "2" "d" "6"
[1] "2" "d" "7"
[1] "2" "d" "8"
[1] "2" "d" "9"
[1] "2" "d" "10"
[1] "2" "e" "6"
[1] "2" "e" "7"
[1] "2" "e" "8"
[1] "2" "e" "9"
[1] "2" "e" "10"
[1] "3" "a" "6"
[1] "3" "a" "7"
[1] "3" "a" "8"
[1] "3" "a" "9"
[1] "3" "a" "10"
[1] "3" "b" "6"
[1] "3" "b" "7"
[1] "3" "b" "8"
[1] "3" "b" "9"
[1] "3" "b" "10"
[1] "3" "c" "6"
[1] "3" "c" "7"
[1] "3" "c" "8"
[1] "3" "c" "9"
[1] "3" "c" "10"
[1] "3" "d" "6"
[1] "3" "d" "7"
[1] "3" "d" "8"
[1] "3" "d" "9"
[1] "3" "d" "10"
[1] "3" "e" "6"
[1] "3" "e" "7"
[1] "3" "e" "8"
[1] "3" "e" "9"
[1] "3" "e" "10"
[1] "4" "a" "6"
[1] "4" "a" "7"
[1] "4" "a" "8"
[1] "4" "a" "9"
[1] "4" "a" "10"
[1] "4" "b" "6"
[1] "4" "b" "7"
[1] "4" "b" "8"
[1] "4" "b" "9"
[1] "4" "b" "10"
[1] "4" "c" "6"
[1] "4" "c" "7"
[1] "4" "c" "8"
[1] "4" "c" "9"
[1] "4" "c" "10"
[1] "4" "d" "6"
[1] "4" "d" "7"
[1] "4" "d" "8"
[1] "4" "d" "9"
[1] "4" "d" "10"
[1] "4" "e" "6"
[1] "4" "e" "7"
[1] "4" "e" "8"
[1] "4" "e" "9"
[1] "4" "e" "10"
[1] "5" "a" "6"
[1] "5" "a" "7"
[1] "5" "a" "8"
[1] "5" "a" "9"
[1] "5" "a" "10"
[1] "5" "b" "6"
[1] "5" "b" "7"
[1] "5" "b" "8"
[1] "5" "b" "9"
[1] "5" "b" "10"
[1] "5" "c" "6"
[1] "5" "c" "7"
[1] "5" "c" "8"
[1] "5" "c" "9"
[1] "5" "c" "10"
[1] "5" "d" "6"
[1] "5" "d" "7"
[1] "5" "d" "8"
[1] "5" "d" "9"
[1] "5" "d" "10"
[1] "5" "e" "6"
[1] "5" "e" "7"
[1] "5" "e" "8"
[1] "5" "e" "9"
[1] "5" "e" "10"
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方，望不吝赐教。