有线网络中的丢包是非常低的。我之前在ns3上仿真，网络中的数据流采用拥塞控制机制，可以使得网络很稳定。根据Sprint.net中统计的网络性能参数[6]，网络中的丢包率低的令人赞叹！
无线网络中的丢包情况，是什么样的，我也不知道，大概也是非常低的。
当前网络中tcp数据流，采用的拥塞控制是cubic，把丢包当做拥塞信号。随机丢包对数据流的吞吐量有负面影响。根据我的仿真，当有3%的丢包率，TCP的速率就很低了。
根据[1]的测试，感觉丢包率在其测试的无线网络中很吓人！
We run VoIP traffic between our server and a laptop via wifi hotspot or USB modem and 3G internet connection. Results are different for the 4 operators:
Tele2 3G during 45 hours (wifi, 1 G.729 channel): uptime = 99.89%, worst MOS = 2.5, max packet loss = 6.94%
MTS 3G during 19 hours (wifi, 1 G.729 channel): uptime = 100%, worst MOS = 3.45, max packet loss = 16.34%
MTS 3G during 96 hours (USB, 1 G.729 channel): uptime = 99.94%, worst MOS = 2.41, max packet loss = 6.06%
MTS 3G during 96 hours (USB, 3 G.729 channel): uptime = 99.87%, worst MOS = 1, max packet loss = 27.94%
Megafon 3G during 24 hours (wifi, 1 G.729 channel): uptime = 100%, worst MOS = 3.89, max packet loss = 0.47%
Yota 4G during 1 hour (wifi, 1 G.729 channel): uptime = 0%, worst MOS = 1, max packet loss = 100%
同时[2]也声明：it it is not unusual for wireless networks to experience high packet loss rates
来自[3]的数据：
[3]博文的作者还构造了一个网络模拟器[4]。
[5]设计了一个工具，能够探测出，路径上的瓶颈链路到底是在wireless段还是在wlan段。
文中声明：
the cellular last-hop link is the bottleneck in 68.9% and 25.7% of the total bottleneck cases for 3G and LTE clients, respectively, suggesting that there is a significant fraction of cases where the poor performance experienced by the user is due to the WAN and could potentially be routed around
Network Condition Profiles [7]是一个基于go构建的网络控制器，通过tc模拟丢包与时延。其中给出不同网络的带宽与丢包数据。
Here’s a list of network conditions with values that you can plug into Comcast. Please add any more that you may come across.
来自[8]的数据：
来自[9]的报告：
来自[10]的叙述：
Additionally, most connections were lossy, causing TCP to retransmit 3.5 percent of total packets. In congested locations, such as railway stations and airports, we witnessed as high as 7 percent of packets being dropped by the network.
[1] http://startrinity.com/VoIP/NetworkTester/IpNetworksPerformanceResearch.aspx
[2] The Effect of Packet Loss on Redundancy Elimination in Cellular Wireless Networks
[3] Real-world latency and packet loss
[4] network-emulator https://gitlab.com/codavel/network-emulator/tree/master
[5] QProbe: Locating the Bottleneck in Cellular Communication
[6] SprintLink
[7] comcast https://github.com/tylertreat/comcast
[8] 3 network suffers from packet loss and jitter
[9] Mobile Broadband Report:Quality of Delivery for Mobile Apps
[10] ArchitectureMobile Employing QUIC Protocol to Optimize Uber’s App Performance