osm地数据怎么用,osm地数据

目录 1. Pydriosm简介2. 安装3. 使用方法3.1 下载数据3.2 解析文件3.3 不同geometry 类型及其数据结构 4. 总结参考

1. Pydriosm简介

Pydriosm是一个开源的OSM地图文件下载和解析工具。通过OSM官方API为研究人员/从业者提供OSM地图文件在线下载和本地OSM地图文件读取解析功能，以及便捷的PostgreSQL数据库接口。

2. 安装 pip install pydriosm 3. 使用方法 3.1 下载数据

（1）查看支持的文件下载格式

>>>from pydriosm import GeofabrikDownloader>>>geofabrik_downloader = GeofabrikDownloader()>>>geofabrik_download_catalogue = geofabrik_downloader.get_download_catalogue()>>>print(geofabrik_download_catalogue.columns.tolist())['Subregion', 'SubregionURL', '.osm.pbf', '.osm.pbf.Size', '.shp.zip', '.osm.bz2']

（2）查看下载链接列表

>>>print(geofabrik_download_catalogue.head()) Subregion ... .osm.bz20 Algeria ... http://download.geofabrik.de/africa/algeria-la...1 Angola ... http://download.geofabrik.de/africa/angola-lat...2 Benin ... http://download.geofabrik.de/africa/benin-late...3 Botswana ... http://download.geofabrik.de/africa/botswana-l...4 Burkina Faso ... http://download.geofabrik.de/africa/burkina-fa...[5 rows x 6 columns]

（3）下载地图文件

>>>subregion_name = 'London' # case-insensitive>>>osm_file_format = ".pbf" # or ".osm.pbf">>>download_dir = "tests"# Download the OSM PBF data of London from Geofabrik>>>geofabrik_downloader.download_osm_data(subregion_name, osm_file_format, download_dir, verbose=True)Confirmed to download .osm.pbf data of the following geographic region(s): Greater London? [No]|Yes: yesDownloading "greater-london-latest.osm.pbf" to "tests" ...Done.

（4）下载多个文件

>>>subregion_names = ['Rutland', 'West Yorkshire', 'West Midlands']>>>paths_to_pbf = geofabrik_downloader.download_osm_data( subregion_names, osm_file_format, download_dir, ret_download_path=True) verbose=True)Confirmed to download .osm.pbf data of the following geographic region(s): Rutland West Yorkshire West Midlands? [No]|Yes: yesDownloading "rutland-latest.osm.pbf" to "tests" ...Done.Downloading "west-yorkshire-latest.osm.pbf" to "tests" ...Done.Downloading "west-midlands-latest.osm.pbf" to "tests" ...Done.>>>print(type(path_to_pbf))<class 'list'>>>>for path_to_pbf in paths_to_pbf:>>> print(f"'{os.path.relpath(path_to_pbf)}'")'testsrutland-latest.osm.pbf''testswest-yorkshire-latest.osm.pbf''testswest-midlands-latest.osm.pbf' 3.2 解析文件

（1）解析文件

>>>from pydriosm import GeofabrikReader>>>geofabrik_reader = GeofabrikReader()>>>subregion_name = 'Rutland'>>>data_dir = download_dir # "tests">>>rutland_pbf_raw = geofabrik_reader.read_osm_pbf(subregion_name, data_dir)>>>print(type(rutland_pbf_raw))<class 'dict'>

（2）检查point层

>>>rutland_pbf_points = rutland_pbf_raw['points']>>>print(rutland_points.head()) points0 {"type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Poin...1 {"type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Poin...2 {"type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Poin...3 {"type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Poin...4 {"type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Poin...

（3）转换为json格式
rutland_pbf_points 中每一行都是GeoJSON格式的嵌套字典，因此可以转换为json格式：

>>>import json>>>>rutland_pbf_points_0 = rutland_pbf_points['points'][0]>>>print(type(rutland_pbf_points_0))<class 'str'>>>>rutland_pbf_points_0_ = json.loads(rutland_pbf_points_0)>>>print(type(rutland_pbf_points_0_))<class 'dict'>>>>print(list(rutland_pbf_points_0_.keys()))['type', 'geometry', 'properties', 'id'] 3.3 不同geometry 类型及其数据结构

对osm文件解析后可以得到文件中不同的geometry 类型（Point, Line,Multiline，MultiPolygon，Geometry Collection）：

4. 总结

pydriosm主要特色可总结为：

在线文件下载：可输入区域名称下载文件，但受所选择OSM官方API限制，对国内支持稍差，某些地区可能无法匹配；本地文件解析：可对’.pbf/.osm.pbf’，’.shp.zip/.shp’解析，按point，line，multiline，multipolygon，relation等分类存储，便于后续数据进一步过滤，用户可根据个人需求进行数据提取；PostgreSQL数据库API：习惯使用数据库的用户，可以直接将解析数据存入数据库。

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参考 https://pydriosm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.htmlhttps://pypi.org/project/pydriosm/