Python读取邮件eml

本文将详细介绍如何使用Python读取邮件eml文件，并提供相应的代码示例。

一、导入所需模块

首先，我们需要导入几个Python模块来处理邮件eml文件：

import email
import os

二、打开eml文件

使用email模块的message_from_file()函数可以直接打开eml文件并将其解析成邮件消息对象：

eml_file = 'sample.eml'
with open(eml_file, 'r') as file:
    eml_content = file.read()
    msg = email.message_from_string(eml_content)

三、获取邮件信息

通过邮件消息对象，我们可以获取邮件的各种信息，例如发件人、收件人、主题、日期等：

from_email = msg['From']
to_email = msg['To']
subject = msg['Subject']
date = msg['Date']

四、解析邮件正文

邮件正文可能包含纯文本、HTML格式或者同时包含多种格式。我们可以使用递归的方式解析邮件正文：

def parse_body(msg):
    if msg.is_multipart():
        for part in msg.get_payload():
            parse_body(part)
    else:
        content_type = msg.get_content_type()
        if content_type == 'text/plain':
            text_content = msg.get_payload()
            # 处理纯文本正文
        elif content_type == 'text/html':
            html_content = msg.get_payload()
            # 处理HTML正文

parse_body(msg)

五、保存附件

邮件可能包含附件，我们可以使用get_filename()方法获取附件文件名，并使用get_payload()方法获取附件内容：

def save_attachments(msg):
    for part in msg.walk():
        if part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart':
            continue
        if part.get('Content-Disposition') is None:
            continue
        filename = part.get_filename()
        if filename:
            # 保存附件
            save_path = os.path.join('attachments', filename)
            with open(save_path, 'wb') as file:
                file.write(part.get_payload(decode=True))

save_attachments(msg)

六、完整代码示例

import email
import os

def parse_body(msg):
    if msg.is_multipart():
        for part in msg.get_payload():
            parse_body(part)
    else:
        content_type = msg.get_content_type()
        if content_type == 'text/plain':
            text_content = msg.get_payload()
            # 处理纯文本正文
        elif content_type == 'text/html':
            html_content = msg.get_payload()
            # 处理HTML正文

def save_attachments(msg):
    for part in msg.walk():
        if part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart':
            continue
        if part.get('Content-Disposition') is None:
            continue
        filename = part.get_filename()
        if filename:
            # 保存附件
            save_path = os.path.join('attachments', filename)
            with open(save_path, 'wb') as file:
                file.write(part.get_payload(decode=True))

eml_file = 'sample.eml'
with open(eml_file, 'r') as file:
    eml_content = file.read()
    msg = email.message_from_string(eml_content)

from_email = msg['From']
to_email = msg['To']
subject = msg['Subject']
date = msg['Date']

parse_body(msg)
save_attachments(msg)

以上就是使用Python读取邮件eml文件的方法。通过解析邮件消息对象，我们可以方便地获取邮件的各种信息，并对正文和附件进行处理。