Python发邮件附件乱码解决方案

本文将从多个方面详细阐述Python发邮件附件乱码的问题，并提供解决方案。

一、发邮件附件乱码原因

1、邮件编码问题：邮件的编码方式可能与附件的编码方式不一致，导致附件乱码。

2、附件读取问题：附件的读取方式可能导致乱码，如以二进制方式读取的文本附件。

二、解决邮件编码问题

1、使用正确的编码方式：确保邮件内容和附件编码方式一致，一般常用的编码方式为UTF-8。

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

# 创建邮件内容
mail_content = "这是一封测试邮件"
msg = MIMEText(mail_content, "plain", "utf-8")

# 设置邮件主题
msg['Subject'] = "测试邮件"

# 设置发件人和收件人
msg['From'] = "sender@example.com"
msg['To'] = "receiver@example.com"

# 发送邮件
s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.example.com")
s.send_message(msg)
s.quit()

2、设置邮件编码：可以在发送邮件时指定邮件的编码方式。

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

# 创建邮件内容
mail_content = "这是一封测试邮件"
msg = MIMEText(mail_content, "plain", "utf-8")

# 设置邮件主题和编码
msg['Subject'] = Header("测试邮件", "utf-8")

# 设置发件人和收件人
msg['From'] = "sender@example.com"
msg['To'] = "receiver@example.com"

# 发送邮件
s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.example.com")
s.send_message(msg)
s.quit()

三、解决附件读取问题

1、使用正确的读取方式：对于文本附件，使用文本读取方式；对于二进制附件，使用二进制读取方式。

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders

# 创建邮件内容
mail_content = "这是一封带有附件的测试邮件"
msg = MIMEMultipart()

# 设置邮件主题和发件人收件人
msg['Subject'] = "带有附件的测试邮件"
msg['From'] = "sender@example.com"
msg['To'] = "receiver@example.com"

# 添加邮件正文
msg.attach(MIMEText(mail_content, "plain", "utf-8"))

# 添加附件
with open("attachment.txt", "rb") as f:
    attachment = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
    attachment.set_payload(f.read())
encoders.encode_base64(attachment)
attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename="attachment.txt")
msg.attach(attachment)

# 发送邮件
s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.example.com")
s.send_message(msg)
s.quit()

2、指定附件编码方式：可以在添加附件时指定附件的编码方式。

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders

# 创建邮件内容
mail_content = "这是一封带有附件的测试邮件"
msg = MIMEMultipart()

# 设置邮件主题和发件人收件人
msg['Subject'] = "带有附件的测试邮件"
msg['From'] = "sender@example.com"
msg['To'] = "receiver@example.com"

# 添加邮件正文
msg.attach(MIMEText(mail_content, "plain", "utf-8"))

# 添加附件
with open("attachment.txt", "rb") as f:
    attachment = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
    attachment.set_payload(f.read())
encoders.encode_base64(attachment)
attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename="attachment.txt", charset="utf-8")
msg.attach(attachment)

# 发送邮件
s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.example.com")
s.send_message(msg)
s.quit()

四、总结

通过以上解决方案，可以解决Python发邮件附件乱码问题。根据具体情况选择合适的编码方式和附件读取方式，确保邮件内容和附件能够正常显示。