本文目录一览：
sql和mysql的区别是什么？
sql和mysql的区别是：
1、本质上：
SQL，是一种数据库语言，有标准的，相当于C语言；而MySQL是DBMS，数据库管理系统，是一个数据库软件或应用程序。
2、目的上：
SQL用于访问，更新和操作数据库中的数据；而MySQL是一种RDBMS，它允许保持数据库中存在的数据。
3、更新上：
SQL的语言是固定的，命令保持不变；而MySQL可以获得频繁的更新。
4、使用上：
要学习SQL语言了才能有效地使用它；而，MySQL可以通过下载和安装就可轻松获得并使用。
sql面试题50题（mysql版）
--插入学生表测试数据
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
--课程表测试数据
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
--教师表测试数据
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
--成绩表测试数据
insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);
-- 1、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
select c.*,a.s_score as 01课程score,b.s_score as 02课程score from
score a,score b
left join student c
on b.s_id = c.s_id
where a.s_id = b.s_id and a.c_id = '01' and b.c_id = '02' and a.s_score b.s_score;
-- 2、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数
select a.* ,b.s_score as 01课程,c.s_score as 02课程 from student a
join score b
on a.s_id=b.s_id and b.c_id = '01'
left join score c
on b.s_id = c.s_id and c.c_id = '02'
where b.s_score c.s_score ;
-- 3、查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
select a.s_id,a.s_name,round(avg(b.s_score),2) as 平均成绩 from student a
join score b
on a.s_id = b.s_id
group by b.s_id having 平均成绩 = 60;
备注：round[avg(成绩),1]里,round是四舍五入函数，1代表保留1位小数
-- 4、查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
-- (包括有成绩的和无成绩的)
select b. ,round(avg(a.s_score),2) as 平均成绩 from
student b
left join score a on b.s_id = a.s_id group by a.s_id having 平均成绩 60
union
select b. ,0 as 平衡成绩 from student b where b.s_id not in (select s_id from score);
-- 5、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩
select a.s_id,a.s_name,count(b.c_id) as 选课总数 ,sum(b.s_score) as 总分 from student a
left join score b
on a.s_id = b.s_id group by s_id ;
-- 6、查询"李"姓老师的数量
select count(*) as 李姓老师数量 from teacher where t_name like '李%';
-- 7、查询学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
select a.* from student a join score b
on a.s_id = b.s_id
where b.c_id in (select c.c_id from course c
join teacher d on c.t_id = d.t_id where d.t_name = '张三');
-- 8、查询没学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
select a.* from student a left join score b on a.s_id = b.s_id where a.s_id not in
(select s_id from score where c_id =
(select c_id from course where t_id =
(select t_id from teacher where t_name = '张
三'))) group by a.s_id;
-- 9、查询学过编号为"01"并且也学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
select * from student where s_id in
(select a.s_id from score a join score b on a.s_id = b.s_id
where a.c_id = '01' and b.c_id = '02');
-- 10、查询学过编号为"01"但是没有学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
select * from student where s_id in
(select s_id from score where c_id = '01' )
and s_id not in (select s_id from score where c_id = '02' );
-- 11、查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
select * from student where s_id not in
(select s_id from score group by s_id having count(c_id) = 3);
-- 12、查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息
select distinct a.* from student a left join score b
on a.s_id = b.s_id where b.c_id in
(select c_id from score where s_id = '01') and a.s_id != '01' ;
注意：distinct是去重的
-- 13、查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
select * from student where s_id in
(select s_id from score group by s_id having count(c_id) =
(select count(c_id) from score where s_id = '01') and s_id not in
(select s_id from score where c_id not in
(select c_id from score where s_id = '01')) and s_id != '01');
-- 14、查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
select s_name from student where s_id not in
(select s_id from score where c_id in
(select c_id from course where t_id in
(select t_id from teacher where t_name ='张三')));
-- 15、查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩
select a.s_id ,b.s_name,round(avg(a.s_score),2) as 平均成绩 from score a
left join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id
where s_score 60 group by s_id having count(1) =2;
或者试试
select a.s_id ,b.s_name,round(avg(a.s_score),2) as 平均成绩 from score a
left join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id
where a.s_score 60 group by a.s_id having count(*) =2;
-- 16、检索"01"课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
select a.* ,b.c_id ,b.s_score from student a
left join score b on a.s_id = b.s_id
where b.c_id = '01' and b.s_score 60
order by b.s_score desc;
-- 17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
select a.s_name ,
sum(case when b.c_id = '01' then s_score else null end ) as 语文,
sum(case when b.c_id = '02' then s_score else null end ) as 数学,
sum(case when b.c_id = '03' then s_score else null end ) as 英语,
round(avg(s_score),2) as 平均成绩
from student a left join score b on a.s_id = b.s_id group by a.s_name
order by 平均成绩 desc;
-- 18.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率
--及格为=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：=90
select b.c_id,b.c_name,
max(a.s_score) as 最高分,
min(a.s_score) as 最低分,
round(avg(a.s_score),2) as 平均分,
round(sum(case when a.s_score= 60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(s_id),2) as 及格率 ,
round(sum(case when a.s_score= 70 and a.s_score 80 then 1 else 0 end)/count(s_id),2) as 中等率,
round(sum(case when a.s_score= 80 and a.s_score 90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(s_id),2) as 优良率,
round(sum(case when a.s_score= 90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(s_id),2) as 优秀率
from score a
left join course b
on a.c_id = b.c_id group by b.c_id;
-- 19、按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名
第一种：
set @pre_c_id:= '01';
set @rank:=0;
select tb2.s_id ,tb2.c_id,tb2.s_score,tb2.排名 from
(select *,(case when tb1.c_id = @pre_c_id then @rank:=@rank+1 else @rank:=1 end) as 排名,
(case when @pre_c_id = tb1.c_id then @pre_c_id else @pre_c_id:=tb1.c_id end ) as pre_c_id
from
(select * from score order by c_id,s_score desc) tb1 )tb2;
如果看不懂用第二种方法：
SELECT a.c_id,a.s_id,a.s_score,COUNT(b.s_score)+1 AS 排名
FROM score a LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_scoreb.s_score AND a.c_id = b.c_id
GROUP BY a.c_id,a.s_id,a.s_score ORDER BY a.c_id,排名,a.s_id ASC
-- 20、查询学生的总成绩并进行排名
set @rank:=0;
select * ,(@rank:=@rank+1) as rank from
(select s_id ,sum(s_score) as 总成绩 from score
group by s_id order by 总成绩 desc) tb1;
-- 21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示
select a.c_id, d.t_name,round(avg(a.s_score)) as 平均分 from score a
left join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id
left join course c on a.c_id = c.c_id
left join teacher d on c.t_id = d.t_id group by a.c_id
order by 平均分 desc;
-- 22、查询所有课程的成绩第2名到第3名的学生信息及该课程成绩
set @pre_c_id:= '01';
set @rank:=0;
select b.s_name,tb2.s_id ,tb2.c_id,tb2.s_score,tb2.排名 from
(select *,(case when tb1.c_id = @pre_c_id then @rank:=@rank+1 else @rank:=1 end) as 排名,
(case when @pre_c_id = tb1.c_id then @pre_c_id else @pre_c_id:=tb1.c_id end ) as pre_c_id
from
(select * from score order by c_id,s_score desc) tb1 )tb2 join student b on tb2.s_id = b.s_id where 排名 = 2 or 排名 =3;
-- 23、统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],(85-70],(70-60],(0-60]及所占百分比
select b.c_id,b.c_name ,
sum(case when a.s_score =85 then 1 else 0 end) as 100-85 ,
concat(round(100 sum(case when a.s_score =85 then 1 else 0 end)/count( ),2), '%') as 百分比,
sum(case when a.s_score 85 and a.s_score =70 then 1 else 0 end) as 85-70 ,
concat(round(100 sum(case when a.s_score 85 and a.s_score =70 then 1 else 0 end)/count( ),2),'%') as 百分比,
sum(case when a.s_score 70 and a.s_score =60 then 1 else 0 end) as 70-60 ,
concat(round(100 sum(case when a.s_score 70 and a.s_score =60 then 1 else 0 end)/count( ),2) ,'%')as 百分比,
sum(case when a.s_score 60 and a.s_score =0 then 1 else 0 end) as 60-0 ,
concat(round(100 sum(case when a.s_score 60 and a.s_score =0 then 1
else 0 end)/count( ),2),'%') as 百分比
from score a left join course b on a.c_id = b.c_id group by b.c_id;
-- 24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次
select tb1.*,(@rank:=@rank +1 ) as rank from
(select s_id ,round(avg(s_score),2) as 平均成绩 from score
group by s_id order by 平均成绩 desc) tb1,(select @rank:=0) b;
-- 25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录
set @pre_c_id:= '01';
set @rank:=0;
select b.s_name,tb2.s_id ,tb2.c_id,tb2.s_score,tb2.排名 from
(select *,(case when tb1.c_id = @pre_c_id then @rank:=@rank+1 else @rank:=1 end) as 排名,
(case when @pre_c_id = tb1.c_id then @pre_c_id else @pre_c_id:=tb1.c_id end ) as pre_c_id
from
(select * from score order by c_id,s_score desc) tb1 )tb2 join student b on tb2.s_id = b.s_id where 排名 4;
-- 26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
select c_id ,count(s_id) as 选修人数 from score group by c_id;
-- 27、查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
select a.s_id ,b.s_name from score a left join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id group by s_id having count(*) = 2;
-- 28、查询男生、女生人数
select sum(case s_sex when '男' then 1 else 0 end) as 男生人数,
sum(case s_sex when '女' then 1 else 0 end) as 女生人数 from student;
-- 29、查询名字中含有"风"字的学生信息
select * from student where s_name like '%风%';
-- 30、查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数
--略，不想写
-- 31、查询1990年出生的学生名单
select * from student where s_birth like '1990%';
-- 32、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列
select c_id ,round(avg(s_score),2) as 平均成绩 from score group by c_id order by 平均成绩 desc, c_id asc;
-- 33、查询平均成绩大于等于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
select a.s_id,b.s_name ,round(avg(s_score),2) as 平均成绩 from score a
left join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id group by a.s_id having 平均成绩=85;
-- 34、查询课程名称为"数学"，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数
select b.s_name ,a.s_score from score a
left join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id
where a.c_id=(select c_id from course where c_name = '数学')and a.s_score 60;
-- 35、查询所有学生的课程及分数情况；
select b.s_name,
sum(case when a.c_id = '01' then a.s_score else null end) as 语文,
sum(case when a.c_id = '02' then a.s_score else null end) as 数学,
sum(case when a.c_id = '03' then a.s_score else null end) as 英语
from score a right join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id group by b.s_name
-- 36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数；
select b.s_name,
sum(case when a.c_id = '01' then a.s_score else null end) as 语文,
sum(case when a.c_id = '02' then a.s_score else null end) as 数学,
sum(case when a.c_id = '03' then a.s_score else null end) as 英语
from score a right join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id group by b.s_name having 语文= 70 or 数学= 70 or 英语= 70 ;
-- 37、查询不及格的课程
select a.s_id,a.c_id,b.c_name,a.s_score from score a
left join course b on a.c_id = b.c_id where a.s_score60;
--38、查询课程编号为01且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名；
select a.s_id,b.s_name from score a left join student b on a.s_id = b.s_id where a.c_id = '01' and a.s_score=80;
-- 39、求每门课程的学生人数
select c_id,count(*) as 学生人数 from score group by c_id ;
-- 40、查询选修"张三"老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
select a.*,b.c_id,max(b.s_score) as 最高成绩 from student a
right join score b on a.s_id = b.s_id
group by b.c_id
having b.c_id = (select c_id from course
where t_id = (select t_id from teacher where t_name = '张三'));
-- 41、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
--（这题我搞不清题目是什么意思,是指查找学生个体参加了的所有课程的成绩各不相同的那个学生信息呢？还是所有课程之间做对比呢，我更倾向于理解为前者）
--理解为前者的写法
select * from
(select * from score group by s_id,s_score) tb1
group by s_id having count(*) = 1;
--理解为后者的写法
select distinct a.s_id,a.c_id,b.s_score from score a,score b where a.c_id != b.c_id and a.s_score = b.s_score;
-- 42、查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名
set @pre_c_id:= '01';
set @rank:=0;
select tb2.s_id ,tb2.c_id,tb2.s_score from
(select *,(case when tb1.c_id = @pre_c_id then @rank:=@rank+1 else @rank:=1 end) as 排名,
(case when @pre_c_id = tb1.c_id then @pre_c_id else @pre_c_id:=tb1.c_id end ) as pre_c_id
from
(select * from score order by c_id,s_score desc) tb1 )tb2
join student b on tb2.s_id = b.s_id where 排名 3;
-- 43、统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过5人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人相同，按课程号升序排列
select c_id ,count(*) as 选修人数 from score group by c_id having 选修人数5 order by 选修人数 desc , c_id asc;
-- 44、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
select s_id from score group by s_id having count(*) = 2;
-- 45、查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
select * from student where s_id in
(select s_id from score group by s_id having count(*) = 3)
--46、查询各学生的年龄
select s_name ,(date_format(now(),'%Y')-date_format(s_birth,'%Y') + (CASE when date_format(now(),'%m%d')=date_format(s_birth,'%m%d') then 0 else 1 end)) as age
from student
-- 47、查询本周过生日的学生
---(实现得并不完全，因为例如出生月日为‘01-01’在每一年可能会输入不同周）
select * from student where week(date_format(s_birth,'%m%d'))=week(date_format(now(),'%m%d')) ;
-- 48、查询下周过生日的学生
select * from student
where week(date_format(s_birth,'%m%d'))=week(date_format(date_add(now(),interval 7-dayofweek(now())+1 day),'%m%d'));
-- 49、查询本月过生日的学生
select * from student where date_format(s_birth,'%m') = date_format(now(),'%m')
-- 50、查询下月过生日的学生
select * from student where date_format(s_birth,'%m') = date_format(date_add(now(),interval 1 month),'%m')
mysql数据库面试题（学生表_课程表_成绩表_教师表）
Student(Sid,Sname,Sage,Ssex)学生表
Sid：学号
Sname：学生姓名
Sage：学生年龄
Ssex：学生性别
Course(Cid,Cname,Tid)课程表
Cid：课程编号
Cname：课程名称
Tid：教师编号
SC(Sid,Cid,score)成绩表
Sid：学号
Cid：课程编号
score：成绩
Teacher(Tid,Tname)教师表
Tid：教师编号：
Tname：教师名字
1、插入数据
2、删除课程表所有数据
3、将学生表中的姓名 张三修改为张大山
或者
4、查询姓’李’的老师的个数：
5、查询所有课程成绩小于60的同学的学号、姓名：
6、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名
7、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩
8、查询学过“100”并且也学过编号“101”课程的同学的学号、姓名
9、查询“100”课程比“101”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号
10、查询课程编号“100”的成绩比课程编号“101”课程高的所有同学的学号、姓名
11、查询学过“鲁迅”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名
12、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩
13、查询至少有一门课与学号为“1”同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名
14、把“SC”表中“鲁迅”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩，
错误
15、查询和“2”学号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名
16、删除学习“鲁迅”老师课的SC表记录
17、向SC表中插入一些记录，这些记录要求符合以下条件：没有上过编号“003”课程的同学学号、002号课的平均成绩
18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下的形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分
19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序
20、查询如下课程平均成绩和及格率的百分数(用”1行”显示): 数学（100），语文（101），英语（102）
22、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示
23、查询如下课程成绩第3名到第6名的学生成绩单：数学（100），语文（101），英语（102）
23、统计下列各科成绩，各分数段人数：课程ID，课程名称，[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ 小于60]
24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次
25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录（不考虑成绩并列情况）
26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
27、查询出只选修一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
28、查询男生、女生人数
29、查询姓“张”的学生名单
30、查询同名同姓的学生名单，并统计同名人数
31、1981年出生的学生名单（注：student表中sage列的类型是datetime）
32、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
33、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排序，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排列
34、查询课程名称为“英语”，且分数低于60的学生名字和分数
35、查询所有学生的选课情况
36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
37、查询不及格的课程，并按课程号从大到小的排列
38、查询课程编号为“101”且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名
39、求选了课程的学生人数：
40、查询选修“鲁迅”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩
41、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
42、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名(1.一个课程被全部的学生选修，2.所有的学生选择的所有课程)
43、查询没学过“鲁迅”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
44、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩
45、检索“101”课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的同学学号
46、删除“2”同学的“101”课程的成绩