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关于python如何实现各进制转换的总结大全
ctf经常遇到进制转换的问题，就正好做一个进制转换总结，分享出来供大家参考学习，下面来一起看看详细的介绍：
字符串与十六进制转换
例如百度ctf 12月的第二场第一个misc
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1
666C61677B65633862326565302D336165392D346332312D613031322D3038616135666137626536377D
比较简单的一种做法就是直接调用字符串的.decode('hex')解密即可, 但如果不用这个函数你会怎么解呢？
一种思路就是先2个分组，解出每组的ascii值，合并下字符串即可得到,具体代码如下
?
1234567
import res='666C61677B65633862326565302D336165392D346332312D613031322D3038616135666137626536377D's = re.findall(r'.{2}',s)s = map(lambda x:chr(int(x,16)),s)print ''.join(s)flag{ec8b2ee0-3ae9-4c21-a012-08aa5fa7be67}
前面说了字符串的decode('hex')函数，另外还有两个转16进制的函数，这里都总结一下
内置函数hex()
只能转换10进制整数为十六进制，不能转字符串
binascii库的hexlify()和b2a_hex()
这两个函数的功能是将字符串转换成十六进制，对应的解密函数分别为 unhexlify()和a2b_hex()
进制互转
二进制，八进制，十六进制转10进制比较简单，直接调用
int函数
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int(str,base) //返回十进制整数,但注意此时第一个参数为字符串
对应的解密函数分别是
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12345
bin() //10进制转二进制 oct() //十进制转八进制 hex() //十进制转十六进制
但二进制直接转16进制就需要多走一步了，先用int转十进制，在用上面提到的hex()函数将十进制转换成十六进制,比较精简的写法是
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1
map(lambda x:hex(int(x,2)),['0011']) //lambda表达式
或者是
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[hex(int(x,2)) for x in ['0011']] //列表解析
对应的解密函数就是
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1
map(lambda x:bin(int(x,16)),['ef'])
最后在附上自己用python写的一个进制转换小工具，主要功能是对一组二进制，或者ascii，或十六进制转换成字符串，想必ctf上也经常会遇到这类题型吧
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1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344
# make by 江sir#coding:utf-8import reimport argparse def bintostr(text): text = text.replace(' ','') text = re.findall(r'.{8}',text) s = map(lambda x:chr(int(x,2)),text) #批量二进制转十进制 flag = ''.join(s) return flag def asciitostr(text): if ' ' in text: text = text.split(' ') elif ',' in text: text = text.split(',') s = map(lambda x:chr(int(x)),text) flag = ''.join(s) return flag def hextostr(text): text = re.findall(r'.{2}',text) #print text s = map(lambda x:chr(int(x,16)),text) #print s flag = ''.join(s) return flag if __name__ == '__main__': parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("-b") parser.add_argument("-a") parser.add_argument("-x") argv = parser.parse_args() #print argv if argv.b: res = bintostr(argv.b) elif argv.a: res = asciitostr(argv.a) elif argv.x: res = hextostr(argv.x) print res
用法:
十六进制转字符串：
666C61677B65633862326565302D336165392D346332312D613031322D3038616135666137626536377D
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12
bintostr.py -x "666C61677B65633862326565302D336165392D346332312D613031322D3038616135666137626536377D"flag{ec8b2ee0-3ae9-4c21-a012-08aa5fa7be67}
二进制转字符串：
可以有空格，也可以无空格
00101111 01100110 00110110 00110111 00110011 00110010 00110100 00110001 00110000 01100001 01100001 01100100 01100011 00110000 00110011 00110111 01100110 01100010 00110000 01100011 01100010 01100001 01100001 00110000 00110000 01100011 00110111 00110101 00110011 00110001 00110011 00110111 00110011 00101110 01110100 01111000 01110100
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12
bintostr.py -b "00101111 01100110 00110110 00110111 00110011 00110010 00110100 00110001 00110000 01100001 01100001 01100100 01100011 00110000 00110011 00110111 01100110 01100010 00110000 01100011 01100010 01100001 01100001 00110000 00110000 01100011 00110111 00110101 00110011 00110001 00110011 00110111 00110011 00101110 01110100 01111000 01110100"/f6732410aadc037fb0cbaa00c7531373.txt
ascii转字符串
可以是空格分隔，也可以是,分隔
s='45 46 45 46 32 45 32 46 46 45 46 32 46 45 46 46 32 46 46 46 32 45 46 46 46 32 46 46 45 45 46 45 32 45 46 46 46 32 46 46 46 32 46 45 46 46 32'
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bintostr.py -a "45 46 45 46 32 45 32 46 46 45 46 32 46 45 46 46 32 46 46 46 32 45 46 46 46 32 46 46 45 45 46 45 32 45 46 46 46 32 46 46 46 32 46 45 46 46 32"-.-. - ..-. .-.. ... -... ..--.- -... ... .-..
以上实例均来自某些ctf赛题
总结
python如何生成1位图片bin
第一步，定义一个变量n1并赋值为987，调用bin函数将n1转换成二进制，
第二步，再次定义一个变量n2并赋值一个长整型，使用bin函数转换，第三步，如果传入的参数是一个逻辑值或是一个字符串，使用bin函数返回什么结果，第四步，定义一个列表变量n4，并进行赋值；然后调用bin函数，结果发现出现了报错，第五步，如果传入的参数是一个负数，使用bin函数转换之后，对应的结果也为负数，第六步，定义变量n6，并进行赋值为0，结果发现返回的值也是0，并且是二进制数，注意事项
注意python语言中的bin函数的用法
注意bin函数的传入参数和返回值
python 运维常用脚本
Python 批量遍历目录文件,并修改访问时间
import os
path = "D:/UASM64/include/"
dirs = os.listdir(path)
temp=[];
for file in dirs:
temp.append(os.path.join(path, file))
for x in temp:
os.utime(x, (1577808000, 1577808000))
Python 实现的自动化服务器管理
import sys
import os
import paramiko
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
def ssh_cmd(user,passwd,port,userfile,cmd):
def ssh_put(user,passwd,source,target):
while True:
try:
shell=str(input("[Shell] # "))
if (shell == ""):
continue
elif (shell == "exit"):
exit()
elif (shell == "put"):
ssh_put("root","123123","./a.py","/root/a.py")
elif (shell =="cron"):
temp=input("输入一个计划任务: ")
temp1="(crontab -l; echo "+ temp + ") |crontab"
ssh_cmd("root","123123","22","./user_ip.conf",temp1)
elif (shell == "uncron"):
temp=input("输入要删除的计划任务: ")
temp1="crontab -l | grep -v " "+ temp + "|crontab"
ssh_cmd("root","123123","22","./user_ip.conf",temp1)
else:
ssh_cmd("lyshark","123123","22","./user_ip.conf",shell)
遍历目录和文件
import os
def list_all_files(rootdir):
import os
_files = []
list = os.listdir(rootdir) #列出文件夹下所有的目录与文件
for i in range(0,len(list)):
path = os.path.join(rootdir,list[i])
if os.path.isdir(path):
_files.extend(list_all_files(path))
if os.path.isfile(path):
_files.append(path)
return _files
a=list_all_files("C:/Users/LyShark/Desktop/a")
print(a)
python检测指定端口状态
import socket
sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sk.settimeout(1)
for ip in range(0,254):
try:
sk.connect(("192.168.1."+str(ip),443))
print("192.168.1.%d server open n"%ip)
except Exception:
print("192.168.1.%d server not open"%ip)
sk.close()
python实现批量执行CMD命令
import sys
import os
import paramiko
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
print("------------------------------n")
print("使用说明,在当前目录创建ip.txt写入ip地址")
print("------------------------------n")
user=input("输入用户名:")
passwd=input("输入密码:")
port=input("输入端口:")
cmd=input("输入执行的命令:")
file = open("./ip.txt", "r")
line = file.readlines()
for i in range(len(line)):
print("对IP: %s 执行"%line[i].strip('n'))
python3-实现钉钉报警
import requests
import sys
import json
dingding_url = ' '
data = {"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": "监控","text": "apche异常"}}
headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}
send_data = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')
requests.post(url=dingding_url,data=send_data,headers=headers)
import psutil
import requests
import time
import os
import json
monitor_name = set(['httpd','cobblerd']) # 用户指定监控的服务进程名称
proc_dict = {}
proc_name = set() # 系统检测的进程名称
monitor_map = {
'httpd': 'systemctl restart httpd',
'cobblerd': 'systemctl restart cobblerd' # 系统在进程down掉后，自动重启
}
dingding_url = ' '
while True:
for proc in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid','name']):
proc_dict[proc.info['pid']] = proc.info['name']
proc_name.add(proc.info['name'])
判断指定端口是否开放
import socket
port_number = [135,443,80]
for index in port_number:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
result = sock.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1', index))
if result == 0:
print("Port %d is open" % index)
else:
print("Port %d is not open" % index)
sock.close()
判断指定端口并且实现钉钉轮询报警
import requests
import sys
import json
import socket
import time
def dingding(title,text):
dingding_url = ' '
data = {"msgtype": "markdown","markdown": {"title": title,"text": text}}
headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'}
send_data = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')
requests.post(url=dingding_url,data=send_data,headers=headers)
def net_scan():
port_number = [80,135,443]
for index in port_number:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
result = sock.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1', index))
if result == 0:
print("Port %d is open" % index)
else:
return index
sock.close()
while True:
dingding("Warning",net_scan())
time.sleep(60)
python-实现SSH批量CMD执行命令
import sys
import os
import paramiko
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
def ssh_cmd(user,passwd,port,userfile,cmd):
file = open(userfile, "r")
line = file.readlines()
for i in range(len(line)):
print("对IP: %s 执行"%line[i].strip('n'))
ssh.connect(hostname=line[i].strip('n'),port=port,username=user,password=passwd)
cmd=cmd
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
result = stdout.read()
ssh_cmd("lyshark","123","22","./ip.txt","free -h |grep 'Mem:' |awk '{print $3}'")
用python写一个列举当前目录以及所有子目录下的文件，并打印出绝对路径
import sys
import os
for root,dirs,files in os.walk("C://"):
for name in files:
print(os.path.join(root,name))
os.walk()
按照这样的日期格式（xxxx-xx-xx）每日生成一个文件，例如今天生成的文件为2013-09-23.log， 并且把磁盘的使用情况写到到这个文件中。
import os
import sys
import time
new_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
disk_status = os.popen("df -h").readlines()
str1 = ''.join(disk_status)
f = open(new_time+'.log','w')
f.write("%s"%str1)
f.flush()
f.close()
统计出每个IP的访问量有多少？（从日志文件中查找）
import sys
list = []
f = open("/var/log/httpd/access_log","r")
str1 = f.readlines()
f.close()
for i in str1:
ip=i.split()[0]
list.append(ip)
list_num=set(list)
for j in list_num:
num=list.count(j)
print("%s ----- %s" %(num,j))
写个程序，接受用户输入数字，并进行校验，非数字给出错误提示，然后重新等待用户输入。
import tab
import sys
while True:
try:
num=int(input("输入数字：").strip())
for x in range(2,num+1):
for y in range(2,x):
if x % y == 0:
break
else:
print(x)
except ValueError:
print("您输入的不是数字")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
sys.exit("n")
ps 可以查看进程的内存占用大小，写一个脚本计算一下所有进程所占用内存大小的和。
import sys
import os
list=[]
sum=0
str1=os.popen("ps aux","r").readlines()
for i in str1:
str2=i.split()
new_rss=str2[5]
list.append(new_rss)
for i in list[1:-1]:
num=int(i)
sum=sum+num
print("%s --- %s"%(list[0],sum))
关于Python 命令行参数argv
import sys
if len(sys.argv) 2:
print ("没有输入任何参数")
sys.exit()
if sys.argv[1].startswith("-"):
option = sys.argv[1][1:]
利用random生成6位数字加字母随机验证码
import sys
import random
rand=[]
for x in range(6):
y=random.randrange(0,5)
if y == 2 or y == 4:
num=random.randrange(0,9)
rand.append(str(num))
else:
temp=random.randrange(65,91)
c=chr(temp)
rand.append(c)
result="".join(rand)
print(result)
自动化-使用pexpect非交互登陆系统
import pexpect
import sys
ssh = pexpect.spawn('ssh lyshark@59.110.167.239')
fout = file('sshlog.txt', 'w')
ssh.logfile = fout
ssh.expect("lyshark@59.110.167.239's password:")
ssh.sendline("密码")
ssh.expect('#')
ssh.sendline('ls /home')
ssh.expect('#')
Python-取系统时间
import sys
import time
time_str = time.strftime("日期：%Y-%m-%d",time.localtime())
print(time_str)
time_str= time.strftime("时间：%H:%M",time.localtime())
print(time_str)
psutil-获取内存使用情况
import sys
import os
import psutil
memory_convent = 1024 * 1024
mem =psutil.virtual_memory()
print("内存容量为:"+str(mem.total/(memory_convent))+"MBn")
print("已使用内存:"+str(mem.used/(memory_convent))+"MBn")
print("可用内存:"+str(mem.total/(memory_convent)-mem.used/(1024*1024))+"MBn")
print("buffer容量:"+str(mem.buffers/( memory_convent ))+"MBn")
print("cache容量:"+str(mem.cached/(memory_convent))+"MBn")
Python-通过SNMP协议监控CPU
注意：被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*
import os
def getAllitems(host, oid):
sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid + '|grep Raw|grep Cpu|grep -v Kernel').read().split('n')[:-1]
return sn1
def getDate(host):
items = getAllitems(host, '.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11')
if name == ' main ':
Python-通过SNMP协议监控系统负载
注意：被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*
import os
import sys
def getAllitems(host, oid):
sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid).read().split('n')
return sn1
def getload(host,loid):
load_oids = '1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10.1.3.' + str(loid)
return getAllitems(host,load_oids)[0].split(':')[3]
if name == ' main ':
Python-通过SNMP协议监控内存
注意：被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*
import os
def getAllitems(host, oid):
def getSwapTotal(host):
def getSwapUsed(host):
def getMemTotal(host):
def getMemUsed(host):
if name == ' main ':
Python-通过SNMP协议监控磁盘
注意：被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*
import re
import os
def getAllitems(host,oid):
def getDate(source,newitem):
def getRealDate(item1,item2,listname):
def caculateDiskUsedRate(host):
if name == ' main ':
Python-通过SNMP协议监控网卡流量
注意：被监控的机器上需要支持snmp协议 yum install -y net-snmp*
import re
import os
def getAllitems(host,oid):
sn1 = os.popen('snmpwalk -v 2c -c public ' + host + ' ' + oid).read().split('n')[:-1]
return sn1
def getDevices(host):
device_mib = getAllitems(host,'RFC1213-MIB::ifDescr')
device_list = []
def getDate(host,oid):
date_mib = getAllitems(host,oid)[1:]
date = []
if name == ' main ':
Python-实现多级菜单
import os
import sys
ps="[None]-"
ip=["192.168.1.1","192.168.1.2","192.168.1.3"]
flage=1
while True:
ps="[None]-"
temp=input(ps)
if (temp=="test"):
print("test page !!!!")
elif(temp=="user"):
while (flage == 1):
ps="[User]-"
temp1=input(ps)
if(temp1 =="exit"):
flage=0
break
elif(temp1=="show"):
for i in range(len(ip)):
print(i)
Python实现一个没用的东西
import sys
ps="[root@localhost]# "
ip=["192.168.1.1","192.168.1.2","192.168.1.3"]
while True:
temp=input(ps)
temp1=temp.split()
检查各个进程读写的磁盘IO
import sys
import os
import time
import signal
import re
class DiskIO:
def init (self, pname=None, pid=None, reads=0, writes=0):
self.pname = pname
self.pid = pid
self.reads = 0
self.writes = 0
def main():
argc = len(sys.argv)
if argc != 1:
print ("usage: please run this script like [./lyshark.py]")
sys.exit(0)
if os.getuid() != 0:
print ("Error: This script must be run as root")
sys.exit(0)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
os.system('echo 1 /proc/sys/vm/block_dump')
print ("TASK PID READ WRITE")
while True:
os.system('dmesg -c /tmp/diskio.log')
l = []
f = open('/tmp/diskio.log', 'r')
line = f.readline()
while line:
m = re.match(
'^(S+)(d+)(d+): (READ|WRITE) block (d+) on (S+)', line)
if m != None:
if not l:
l.append(DiskIO(m.group(1), m.group(2)))
line = f.readline()
continue
found = False
for item in l:
if item.pid == m.group(2):
found = True
if m.group(3) == "READ":
item.reads = item.reads + 1
elif m.group(3) == "WRITE":
item.writes = item.writes + 1
if not found:
l.append(DiskIO(m.group(1), m.group(2)))
line = f.readline()
time.sleep(1)
for item in l:
print ("%-10s %10s %10d %10d" %
(item.pname, item.pid, item.reads, item.writes))
def signal_handler(signal, frame):
os.system('echo 0 /proc/sys/vm/block_dump')
sys.exit(0)
if name ==" main ":
main()
利用Pexpect实现自动非交互登陆linux
import pexpect
import sys
ssh = pexpect.spawn('ssh root@59.110.167.239')
fout = file('sshlog.log', 'w')
ssh.logfile = fout
ssh.expect("root@59.110.167.239's password:")
ssh.sendline("密码")
ssh.expect('#')
ssh.sendline('ls /home')
ssh.expect('#')
利用psutil模块获取系统的各种统计信息
import sys
import psutil
import time
import os
time_str = time.strftime( "%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime( ) )
file_name = "./" + time_str + ".log"
if os.path.exists ( file_name ) == False :
os.mknod( file_name )
handle = open ( file_name , "w" )
else :
handle = open ( file_name , "a" )
if len( sys.argv ) == 1 :
print_type = 1
else :
print_type = 2
def isset ( list_arr , name ) :
if name in list_arr :
return True
else :
return False
print_str = "";
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset( sys.argv,"mem" ) :
memory_convent = 1024 * 1024
mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
print_str += " 内存状态如下:n"
print_str = print_str + " 系统的内存容量为: "+str( mem.total/( memory_convent ) ) + " MBn"
print_str = print_str + " 系统的内存以使用容量为: "+str( mem.used/( memory_convent ) ) + " MBn"
print_str = print_str + " 系统可用的内存容量为: "+str( mem.total/( memory_convent ) - mem.used/( 1024*1024 )) + "MBn"
print_str = print_str + " 内存的buffer容量为: "+str( mem.buffers/( memory_convent ) ) + " MBn"
print_str = print_str + " 内存的cache容量为:" +str( mem.cached/( memory_convent ) ) + " MBn"
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset( sys.argv,"cpu" ) :
print_str += " CPU状态如下:n"
cpu_status = psutil.cpu_times()
print_str = print_str + " user = " + str( cpu_status.user ) + "n"
print_str = print_str + " nice = " + str( cpu_status.nice ) + "n"
print_str = print_str + " system = " + str( cpu_status.system ) + "n"
print_str = print_str + " idle = " + str ( cpu_status.idle ) + "n"
print_str = print_str + " iowait = " + str ( cpu_status.iowait ) + "n"
print_str = print_str + " irq = " + str( cpu_status.irq ) + "n"
print_str = print_str + " softirq = " + str ( cpu_status.softirq ) + "n"
print_str = print_str + " steal = " + str ( cpu_status.steal ) + "n"
print_str = print_str + " guest = " + str ( cpu_status.guest ) + "n"
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset ( sys.argv,"disk" ) :
print_str += " 硬盘信息如下:n"
disk_status = psutil.disk_partitions()
for item in disk_status :
print_str = print_str + " "+ str( item ) + "n"
if ( print_type == 1 ) or isset ( sys.argv,"user" ) :
print_str += " 登录用户信息如下:n "
user_status = psutil.users()
for item in user_status :
print_str = print_str + " "+ str( item ) + "n"
print_str += "---------------------------------------------------------------n"
print ( print_str )
handle.write( print_str )
handle.close()
import psutil
mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
print mem.total,mem.used,mem
print psutil.swap_memory() # 输出获取SWAP分区信息
cpu = psutil.cpu_stats()
printcpu.interrupts,cpu.ctx_switches
psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True) # 输出每个核心的详细CPU信息
psutil.cpu_times().user # 获取CPU的单项数据 [用户态CPU的数据]
psutil.cpu_count() # 获取CPU逻辑核心数，默认logical=True
psutil.cpu_count(logical=False) # 获取CPU物理核心数
psutil.disk_partitions() # 列出全部的分区信息
psutil.disk_usage('/') # 显示出指定的挂载点情况【字节为单位】
psutil.disk_io_counters() # 磁盘总的IO个数
psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True) # 获取单个分区IO个数
psutil.net_io_counter() 获取网络总的IO，默认参数pernic=False
psutil.net_io_counter(pernic=Ture)获取网络各个网卡的IO
psutil.pids() # 列出所有进程的pid号
p = psutil.Process(2047)
p.name() 列出进程名称
p.exe() 列出进程bin路径
p.cwd() 列出进程工作目录的绝对路径
p.status()进程当前状态[sleep等状态]
p.create_time() 进程创建的时间 [时间戳格式]
p.uids()
p.gids()
p.cputimes() 【进程的CPU时间，包括用户态、内核态】
p.cpu_affinity() # 显示CPU亲缘关系
p.memory_percent() 进程内存利用率
p.meminfo() 进程的RSS、VMS信息
p.io_counters() 进程IO信息，包括读写IO数及字节数
p.connections() 返回打开进程socket的namedutples列表
p.num_threads() 进程打开的线程数
import psutil
from subprocess import PIPE
p =psutil.Popen(["/usr/bin/python" ,"-c","print 'helloworld'"],stdout=PIPE)
p.name()
p.username()
p.communicate()
p.cpu_times()
psutil.users() # 显示当前登录的用户，和Linux的who命令差不多
psutil.boot_time() 结果是个UNIX时间戳，下面我们来转换它为标准时间格式，如下：
datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()) # 得出的结果不是str格式，继续进行转换 datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()).strftime('%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S')
Python生成一个随机密码
import random, string
def GenPassword(length):
if name == ' main ':
print (GenPassword(6))