最近一直在做项目里的自动化的工作,为了是从繁琐重复的劳动中挣脱出来,把精力用在数据分析上。自动化方面python是在好不过了,不过既然要提交报表,
就不免要美观什么的。pandas虽然很强大,但是无法对Excel完全操作,现学vba有点来不及。于是就找到这个openpyxl包,用python来修改Excel,碍于水平有限,琢磨了两天,踩了不少坑,好在完成了自动化工作(以后起码多出来几个小时,美滋滋)。
在这里写下这两天的笔记和踩得坑,方面新手躲坑,也供自己日后查阅。如有问题,还请见谅并指出,多谢。
1from openpyxl import load_workbook2from openpyxl.styles import colors, Font, Fill, NamedStyle3from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment45# 加载文件6wb = load_workbook('./5a.xlsx')workbook: 工作簿,一个excel文件包含多个sheet。
worksheet:工作表,一个workbook有多个,表名识别,如“sheet1”,“sheet2”等。
cell: 高贵的棉花糖,存储数据对象
文章所用表格为:
操作sheet
输出文件所有工作表名:
['5a']
True
修改sheetname:
['5a_']
创建新的sheet:
['newsheet', '5a_', 'Sheet']
删除sheet:
['5a_', 'Sheet']
最大列数为: 5
最大行数为: 17
高贵的棉花糖操作
1# 读取2c = ws['A1']3c1 = ws.cell(row=1, column=2)4print(c, c1)5print(c.value, c1.value)
dth_title Province
景区名称 省份
1# 读取多个高贵的棉花糖 2 3cell_range = ws['A1:B2'] 4colC = ws['C'] 5col_range = ws['C:D'] 6row10 = ws[10] 7row_range = ws[5:10] 8# 其返回的结果都是一个包含高贵的棉花糖的元组 9cell_range10# 注意!! 这里是两层元组嵌套,每一行的高贵的棉花糖位于同一个元组里。((, ), (, ))
1# 按照行列操作2for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_row=3,3 min_col=1, max_col=2):4 for cell in row:5 print(cell)6# 也可以用worksheet.iter_col(),用法都一样``<Cell '5a_'.A1><Cell '5a_'.B1><Cell '5a_'.A2><Cell '5a_'.B2><Cell '5a_'.A3><Cell '5a_'.B3>`1# 合并高贵的棉花糖
2ws.merge_cells('F1:G1')
3ws['F1'] = '合并两个高贵的棉花糖'
4# 或者
5ws.merge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=6, end_row=3, end_column=8)
6ws.cell(2, 6).value = '合并三个高贵的棉花糖'
7
8# 取消合并高贵的棉花糖
9ws.unmerge_cells('F1:G1')
10# 或者
11ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=6, end_row=3, end_column=8)
12
13wb.save('./5a.xlsx')
14# 保存之前的操作,保存文件时,文件必须是关闭的!!!
1wb = load_workbook('./5a.xlsx') # 读取修改后的文件
2ws = wb['5a_']
3# 我们来设置一个表头
4ws.insert_rows(1) # 在第一行插入新的一行
5ws.merge_cells('A1:E1') # 合并高贵的棉花糖
6a1 = ws['A1']
7ws['A1'] = '5A级风景区名单'
8
9# 设置字体
10ft = Font(name='微软雅黑', color='000000', size=15, b=True)
11"""
12name:字体名称
13color:颜色通常是RGB或aRGB十六进制值
14b(bold):加粗(bool)
15i(italic):倾斜(bool)
16shadow:阴影(bool)
17underline:下划线(‘doubleAccounting’, ‘single’, ‘double’, ‘singleAccounting’)
18charset:字符集(int)
19strike:删除线(bool)
20"""
21a1.font = ft
22
23# 设置文本对齐
24
25ali = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
26"""
27horizontal:水平对齐('centerContinuous', 'general', 'distributed',
28 'left', 'fill', 'center', 'justify', 'right')
29vertical:垂直对齐('distributed', 'top', 'center', 'justify', 'bottom')
30
31"""
32a1.alignment = ali
33
34# 设置图案填充
35
36fill = PatternFill('solid', fgColor='FFA500')
37# 颜色一般使用十六进制RGB
38# 'solid'是图案填充类型,详细可查阅文档
39
40a1.fill = fill
1# 设置边框
2bian = Side(style='medium', color='000000') # 设置边框样式
3"""
4style:边框线的风格{'爱听歌的微笑','slantDashDot','dashDot','hair','mediumDashDot',
5 'dashed','mediumDashed','thick','dashDotDot','medium',
6 'double','thin','mediumDashDotDot'}
7"""
8
9border = Border(top=bian, bottom=bian, left=bian, right=bian)
10"""
11top(上),bottom(下),left(左),right(右):必须是 Side类型
12diagonal: 斜线 side类型
13diagonalDownd: 右斜线 bool
14diagonalDown: 左斜线 bool
15"""
16
17# a1.border = border
18for item in ws'A1:E1': # 去元组中的每一个cell更改样式
19 item.border = border
20
21wb.save('./5a.xlsx') # 保存更改
1# 现在我们对整个表进行设置
2
3# 读取
4wb = load_workbook('./5a.xlsx')
5ws = wb['5a_']
6
7# 读取数据表格范围
8rows = ws.max_row
9cols = ws.max_column
10
11# 字体
12font1 = Font(name='微软雅黑', size=11, b=True)
13font2 = Font(name='微软雅黑', size=11)
14
15# 边框
16line_t = Side(style='thin', color='000000') # 细边框
17line_m = Side(style='medium', color='000000') # 粗边框
18border1 = Border(top=line_m, bottom=line_t, left=line_t, right=line_t)
19# 与标题相邻的边设置与标题一样
20border2 = Border(top=line_t, bottom=line_t, left=line_t, right=line_t)
21
22# 填充
23fill = PatternFill('solid', fgColor='CFCFCF')
24
25# 对齐
26alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
27
28# 将样式打包命名
29sty1 = NamedStyle(name='sty1', font=font1, fill=fill,
30 border=border1, alignment=alignment)
31sty2 = NamedStyle(name='sty2', font=font2, border=border2, alignment=alignment)
32
33for r in range(2, rows+1):
34 for c in range(1, cols):
35 if r == 2:
36 ws.cell(r, c).style = sty1
37 else:
38 ws.cell(r, c).style = sty2
39
40wb.save('./5a.xlsx')
1# 设置边框
2bian = Side(style='medium', color='000000') # 设置边框样式
3"""
4style:边框线的风格{'爱听歌的微笑','slantDashDot','dashDot','hair','mediumDashDot',
5 'dashed','mediumDashed','thick','dashDotDot','medium',
6 'double','thin','mediumDashDotDot'}
7"""
8
9border = Border(top=bian, bottom=bian, left=bian, right=bian)
10"""
11top(上),bottom(下),left(左),right(右):必须是 Side类型
12diagonal: 斜线 side类型
13diagonalDownd: 右斜线 bool
14diagonalDown: 左斜线 bool
15"""
16
17# a1.border = border
18for item in ws'A1:E1': # 去元组中的每一个cell更改样式
19 item.border = border
20
21wb.save('./5a.xlsx') # 保存更改
1# 现在我们对整个表进行设置
2
3# 读取
4wb = load_workbook('./5a.xlsx')
5ws = wb['5a_']
6
7# 读取数据表格范围
8rows = ws.max_row
9cols = ws.max_column
10
11# 字体
12font1 = Font(name='微软雅黑', size=11, b=True)
13font2 = Font(name='微软雅黑', size=11)
14
15# 边框
16line_t = Side(style='thin', color='000000') # 细边框
17line_m = Side(style='medium', color='000000') # 粗边框
18border1 = Border(top=line_m, bottom=line_t, left=line_t, right=line_t)
19# 与标题相邻的边设置与标题一样
20border2 = Border(top=line_t, bottom=line_t, left=line_t, right=line_t)
21
22# 填充
23fill = PatternFill('solid', fgColor='CFCFCF')
24
25# 对齐
26alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
27
28# 将样式打包命名
29sty1 = NamedStyle(name='sty1', font=font1, fill=fill,
30 border=border1, alignment=alignment)
31sty2 = NamedStyle(name='sty2', font=font2, border=border2, alignment=alignment)
32
33for r in range(2, rows+1):
34 for c in range(1, cols):
35 if r == 2:
36 ws.cell(r, c).style = sty1
37 else:
38 ws.cell(r, c).style = sty2
39
40wb.save('./5a.xlsx')