知乎Python爬虫用法介绍

Python爬虫是指使用Python编程语言编写的一种自动获取网站数据的脚本程序。在知乎网站上，爬虫可以用来获取特定问题的回答、用户信息、话题等内容。本文将从多个方面对知乎Python爬虫进行详细解析。

一、爬取问题回答

1、爬虫准备工作：

import requests
import json
import time

2、爬虫代码示例：

def get_answers(question_id):
    url = f'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/questions/{question_id}/answers'
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36',
    }
    params = {
        'include': 'data[*].author,comment_count,content,vote_count,is_sticky,suggest_edit,mark_infos,created_time,updated_time,review_info,relationship.is_authorized,is_author,voting,is_thanked,is_nothelp,upvoted_followees;data[*].author.badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics',
        'offset': 0,
        'limit': 20,
        'sort_by': 'default',
        'platform': 'desktop',
    }
    answers = []
    while True:
        time.sleep(0.5)  # 控制请求频率，避免被封
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params)
        data = response.json()
        answers.extend(data['data'])
        if not data['paging']['is_end']:
            params['offset'] += params['limit']
        else:
            break
    return answers

question_id = '12345678'  # 替换为真实问题的ID
answers = get_answers(question_id)
print(answers)

二、获取用户信息

1、爬虫准备工作：

import requests
import json
import time

2、爬虫代码示例：

def get_user_info(user_name):
    url = f'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user_name}'
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36',
    }
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    data = response.json()
    return data

user_name = 'zhangsan'  # 替换为真实用户名
user_info = get_user_info(user_name)
print(user_info)

三、爬取话题信息

1、爬虫准备工作：

import requests
import json
import time

2、爬虫代码示例：

def get_topic_info(topic_id):
    url = f'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/topics/{topic_id}'
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.141 Safari/537.36',
    }
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    data = response.json()
    return data

topic_id = '98765432'  # 替换为真实话题的ID
topic_info = get_topic_info(topic_id)
print(topic_info)

本文对知乎Python爬虫进行了详细的阐述，包括爬取问题回答、获取用户信息、爬取话题信息等内容。通过以上代码示例，你可以根据自己的需求进行定制化的爬虫开发。使用Python进行爬虫可以帮助我们更方便地获取网站数据，并进行数据分析和应用。